Module
8: Spine & Spinal Cord Injuries
Segment 1: SCI Mechanisms
References labeled PEDS contain a pediatric element or primary focus.
Topic: SCI epidemiology & MOI
- Bokhari AR, Sivakumar B, Sefton A, et al. Morbidity and mortality in cervical spine injuries in the elderly. ANZ J Surg. 2019;89(4):412-417. doi: 10.1111/ans.14875 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30294850/.
- Kimmel LA, Kirk A, Broderick S, et al. Older adults with cervical spine fractures – Epidemiology, management and outcomes from a level 1 trauma centre. Trauma. 2025;0(0):14604086251313574. doi: 10.1177/14604086251313574 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14604086251313574.
- Lu Y, Shang Z, Zhang W, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of spinal cord injury from 1990 to 2021 and projections for 2050: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. Ageing Res Rev. 2025;103:102598. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102598 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39603465/.
- Tannoury T, El-Hajj N, Dhunna DP, et al. Riding the Shockwave: Escalating Spine Injuries from Electric Micromobility Devices in the United States. Injury. 2026;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113525 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42508385/.
- Toraih EA, Elnaggar M, Lavorgna TR, et al. The racial and sexual differences in emergency department visits for sport-related spine fracture injuries: A NEISS database study (2011-2020). Injury. 2025;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112368 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40334430/.
- Zanza C, Tornatore G, Naturale C, et al. Cervical spine injury: clinical and medico-legal overview. Radiol Med. 2023;128(1):103-112. doi: 10.1007/s11547-022-01578-2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36719553/.
Topic: Direction of impact/injury
- Smith K, Yoganandan N, Pintar F, et al. Atlantooccipital dislocation in motor vehicle side impact, derivation of the mechanism of injury, and implications for early diagnosis. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 2010;1(2):113-117. doi: 10.4103/0974-8237.77675 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21572632/.