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Module 6: Musculoskeletal Injuries

Segment 2: Pelvic Ring Disruption

References labeled PEDS contain a pediatric element or primary focus.

Topic: General ortho injury concerns

  • Bingol I, Kamaci S, Yilmaz ET, et al. The epidemiology of geriatric fractures: A nationwide analysis of 1 million fractures. Injury. 2024;55(11) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111900 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39332226/.
  • Ghafarian AM, Wajahath M, McBee K, et al. One-year mortality after first-time long bone fractures in older adults: A multicenter retrospective cohort study. Injury. 2026;57(7) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113348 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42107204/.
  • Jones HG, Hathaway I, Glossop S, et al. The clinical frailty scale as a predictor of orthopaedic outcomes: a narrative review. Injury. 2024;55(6) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111450 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38493521/.
  • Matter AL, Pierce MF, Beal JR, et al. Factors associated with older adult fracture visits to United States emergency departments, 2013–2022. Injury. 2026;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113374 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42214828/.
  • Stevens NM, Tejwani NC. Damage control orthopedics or early total care: What you need to know. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024;doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004250 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38227676/.
  • Tom E, Suseel A, Abraham SV, et al. Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound for long bone fractures in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2026;84:114-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2026.01.009 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41945995/.
  • Younis A, Hanley C, Devitt A. Injury patterns and epidemiology of orthopedic trauma in polytrauma ICU patients: A 10-year retrospective analysis at major trauma hospital. Injury. 2026;57(4):113112. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113112 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41764815/.

Topic: Pelvic ring disruption & emergent management

  • Alexander LE, April M. Managing severe (and open) pelvic disruption. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2025;10(Suppl 1):e001820. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2025-001820 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40260230/.
  • Anand T, El-Qawaqzeh K, Nelson A, et al. Association between hemorrhage control interventions and mortality in US trauma patients with hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures. JAMA Surg. 2023;158(1):63-71. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.5772 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36449300/.
  • Artigue M, Schroeppel T, Sheehan B, et al. Does pelvic angioembolization increase pelvic ischemic complications? A multicenter American Association for the Surgery of Trauma study. J Am Coll Surg. 2025;241(5):773-782. doi: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000001477 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40470836/.
  • Balogh ZJ, Ponsen KJ, Miclau KR, et al. Unstable pelvic fractures in patients with hemodynamic instability: global treatment controversies. OTA Int. 2025;8(6 Suppl):e436. doi: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000436 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41098366/.
  • Benders KEM, Leenen LPH. Management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic ring fractures. Front Surg. 2020;7:601321. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.601321 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33425982/.
  • Brusnahan A, Robbins JM, Miner J. Endovascular versus open management of traumatic iliac artery injuries: Review of the AAST PROOVIT Registry. J Surg Res. 2025;315:864-875. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2025.10.001 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41197583/.
  • Butler A, Sanchez-Cozar L, Heathcote C, et al. Post pelvic binder radiograph can identify bladder injury associated with pelvic trauma: A multi-centre observational study. Injury. 2026;57(6):113272. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113272 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41985387/.
  • Coccolini F, Stahel PF, Montori G, et al. Pelvic trauma: WSES classification and guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2017;12:5. doi: 10.1186/s13017-017-0117-6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28115984/.
  • Coneys U, Morello V, Andereggen E, et al. High-energy blunt pelvic ring injuries and pre-hospital pelvic binder applications - A retrospective assessment based on a prospective registry. Injury. 2024;55(12):111958. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111958 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39467418/.
  • Copp J, Eastman JG. Novel resuscitation strategies in patients with a pelvic fracture. Injury. 2021;52(10):2697-2701. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.01.042 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32044116/.
  • Costantini TW, Burlew CC, Jenson WR, et al. Pelvic fracture bleeding control: What you need to know. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;99(3):319-327. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004609 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40170225/.
  • Cox Z, Craddock G, Khan U, et al. Is the pelvis “organ protective” in pelvic and spine trauma? A database study of spine and pelvic combination injuries. Injury. 2026;57(6):113258. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113258 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42054929/.
  • Davis DD, Foris LA, Kane SM, et al. Pelvic fracture. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430734/.
  • Dilogo IH, Gunawan B, Oesman I, et al. Management of pelvic ring fractures in limited resources country: a retrospective study. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023;33(3):465-472. doi: 10.1007/s00590-022-03457-y https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36562846/.
  • Djaja YP, Silitonga J, Dilogo IH, et al. The management of pelvic ring fractures in low-resource environments: review. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2023;33(3):515-523. doi: 10.1007/s00590-022-03420-x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36333484/.
  • Elsissy JG, Ruckle DE, LeBrun C, et al. Pelvic Ring Injuries: Stable or Not? J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2023;doi: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00470 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37816188/.
  • Fletcher J, Morello V, Gurbanov E, et al. Age matters: Elevated mortality and distinct injury patterns in elderly (≥75 years) patients with high-energy pelvic ring injuries. Injury. 2026;57(2):112963. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112963 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41418384/.
  • Gavino SO, Read D, Russell M. Development and internal validation of a prediction model for in-hospital mortality in trauma patients with high-energy pelvic fractures admitted to a single major trauma centre. Injury. 2026;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113387 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42224785/.
  • Halvachizadeh S, Carron CJ, Katzir A, et al. Algorithm for the hemodynamically unstable patient with pelvic fracture – The Parkland experience. Injury. 2026;57(10) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113627 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113627.
  • Harfouche MN, Sult L, Sciarretta JD, et al. To pack or plug: American Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter evaluation of hemorrhage control interventions in pelvic fracture management. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2026;100(3):398-404. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004856 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41533046/.
  • Huang G-B, Hu P, Gao J-M, et al. Analysis of early treatment of multiple injuries combined with severe pelvic fracture. Chin J Traumatol. 2019;22(3):129-133. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2019.03.001 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31076162/.
  • Incagnoli P, Puidupin A, Ausset S, et al. Early management of severe pelvic injury (first 24 hours). Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2019;38(2):199-207. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2018.12.003 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30579941/.
  • King DR, Hwabejire JO, Pham QP, et al. Self-expanding foam versus preperitoneal packing for exsanguinating pelvic hemorrhage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024;96(5):727-734. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004138 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37700445/.
  • Kumar PP, Ramesh P, Imran A, et al. Epidemiology and Injury Characteristics of Pelvic Ring Injuries at a Level 1 Trauma Centre: A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study. Injury. 2026;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113505 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42468083/.
  • Lee SH, Kim JT, Choi S, et al. Outcomes of emergency department and operating room preperitoneal pelvic packing in hemodynamically unstable severe pelvic fractures: a retrospective risk-adjusted observational study. World J Emerg Surg. 2026;doi: 10.1186/s13017-026-00695-x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41935297/.
  • Lyng JW, Corsa JG, Raetzke BD, et al. Prehospital trauma compendium: Evaluation and management of suspected pelvis fractures—An NAEMSP position statement and resource document. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2025:1-35. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2025.2540420 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40729523/.
  • Madsen JE, Flugsrud GB, Hammer N, et al. Emergency treatment of pelvic ring injuries: state of the art. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(10):4525-4539. doi: 10.1007/s00402-024-05447-7 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38970673/.
  • Mahesan H, Perumal R, Vasudeva N, et al. Management and outcomes of open pelvic injury -a retrospective analysis of 30 patients. Injury. 2025;56(10):112658. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112658 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40840317/.
  • Marmor M, El Naga AN, Barker J, et al. Management of pelvic ring injury patients with hemodynamic instability. Front Surg. 2020;7:588845. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.588845 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33282907/.
  • Matsumoto S, Aoki M, Shimizu M. Prehospital Pelvic Binder Use and Transfusion Requirements in Patients With Pelvic Fractures: A Nationwide Propensity-Matched Cohort Study. Injury. 2026;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113501 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42480287/.
  • Mohs ZA, Albrecht N, Duncan AJ, et al. Pelvic fractures and thoracolumbar spine injury: A critical overlook in high-impact vehicular trauma management. Injury. 2024;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.112050 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39642601/.
  • Morello V, Aprato A, Mezzadri U, et al. High-energy pelvic ring injuries: Are standard anteroposterior x-rays still relevant in the CT era? Injury. 2026;57(4):113115. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113115 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41722262/.
  • Odagiri S, Takahashi T, Matsumura T, et al. Association between hip dislocation in pelvic fracture and concomitant knee ligament injuries. Injury. 2026;57(2):112965. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112965 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41401499/.
  • Perumal R, Jayaramaraju D, Sen RK, et al. Management of pelvic injuries in hemodynamically unstable polytrauma patients - Challenges and current updates. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021;12(1):101-112. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.09.035 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33716435/.
  • Reiter A, Strahl A, Frosch K-H, et al. Effect of pelvic binder application on acute bleeding in patients with unstable pelvic ring fractures. Injury. 2024;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111813 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39178598/.
  • Stewart SK, Khan M. Emergent management of the suspected pelvic fracture: challenges in the obese patient. J R Army Med Corps. 2018;164(6):432-435. doi: 10.1136/jramc-2018-000955 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29794171/.
  • Verbeek DO, Routt ML, Jr. High-energy pelvic ring disruptions with complete posterior instability: Contemporary reduction and fixation strategies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100(19):1704-1712. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.17.01289 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30278001/.
  • Weir A, Kennedy P, Joyce S, et al. Endovascular management of pelvic trauma. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9(14):1196. doi:  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34430637/.
  • Winther SS, Singh UM, Nielsen AE, et al. Unstable pelvic ring fractures managed surgically: A 13-year cohort study of patient characteristics, associated injuries, and predictors of early mortality. Injury. 2026;57(3):113051. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113051 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41558223/.