Skip to Content

Module 5: Abdominal Injuries

Segment 6: Hemorrhage & Post-Op Concerns

References labeled PEDS contain a pediatric element or primary focus.

Topic: Other abdominal injuries & general concerns

  • Byerly SE, Filiberto DM, Lenart EK, et al. Clinical decompensation after trauma laparotomy: It’s probably not a pulmonary embolus. Injury. 2024;55(9):111651. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111651 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38849214/.
  • Coccolini F, Roberts D, Ansaloni L, et al. The open abdomen in trauma and non-trauma patients: WSES guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2018;13:7. doi: 10.1186/s13017-018-0167-4 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29434652/.
  • Collins R, Dhanasekara CS, Morris E, et al. Simple suture whipstitch closure is a reasonable option for many patients requiring temporary abdominal closure for blunt or penetrating trauma. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2022;7(1):e000980. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2022-000980 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36304556/.
  • Edwins RC, Ogundipe EA, Huang W, et al. Evaluating specialty-based management of urologic trauma: A retrospective analysis of surgical interventions and outcomes. Injury. 2026;57(5):112903. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112903 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41276419/.
  • Nobuhiro M, Sudo N, Kobayashi K, et al. Management of penetrating traumatic diaphragm injury. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2026;11(3):e002270. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2026-002270 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42602947/.
  • Tokgöz S, Akkoca M, Uçar Y, et al. Factors affecting mortality in traumatic diaphragm ruptures. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2019;25(6):567-574. doi: 10.14744/tjtes.2019.58133 Travmatik diyafragma yaralanmalarında mortaliteye etkili faktör. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31701506/.

Topic: Intra-abdominal hemorrhage & DCR

  • Adams D, McDonald PL, Holland S, et al. Management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage of the abdomen in civilian and military austere environments: a scoping review. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2024;9(1):e001189. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2023-001189 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38362005/.
  • Atkins KK, Gallaher JR, Schneider AB, et al. Trends and outcomes following diagnostic laparoscopy for blunt abdominal trauma in the United States. Injury. 2026:113153. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113153 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41846201/.
  • Chew DS, Dayal T. Economic analysis of AbClo, a novel abdominal fascia closure device, for patients with an open abdomen following trauma or acute abdominal surgery. Surg Innov. 2024;31(3):233-239. doi: 10.1177/15533506241236745 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38411561/.
  • Cobler-Lichter MD, Collie BL, Delamater JM, et al. A 20-year retrospective analysis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among combat casualties requiring damage-control laparotomy at US military Role 2 surgical units. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024;97(2S Suppl 1):S55-s59. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004405 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38787627/.
  • Cole E, Weaver A, Gall L, et al. A decade of damage control resuscitation: New transfusion practice, new survivors, new directions. Ann Surg. 2021;273(6):1215-1220. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003657 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31651535/.
  • Croft CA, Lorenzo M, Coimbra R, et al. Western Trauma Association critical decisions in trauma: Damage-control resuscitation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;98(2):271-276. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004466 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39865549/.
  • Daniel M, Esparham A, Garcia S, et al. Nationwide analysis of minimally invasive surgical approach in patients with penetrating abdominal trauma. Surg Endosc. 2026;40(3):2625-2632. doi: 10.1007/s00464-026-12611-0 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41670723/.
  • DePhillips PB, Byerly S, Fischer PE, et al. Resuscitation at a cost: Excessive perioperative crystalloid administration is associated with increased fascial complications following damage control laparotomy for trauma. Injury. 2025;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112521 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40571541/.
  • Eriksson J, Mattsson A, Larsson E, et al. Early operative management in trauma: A nationwide comparison of time to surgery and survival at trauma centers and non-trauma centers. Injury. 2026;57(9) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113350 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113350.
  • Farach S, Ghneim MH, Bruns B, et al. Complications of damage-control abdominal surgery: What you need to know. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004754 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40802495/.
  • Ferrada P, Shafique S, Brenner M, et al. Prioritizing circulation over airway to improve survival in trauma patients with exsanguinating injuries: a world society of emergency surgery-panamerican trauma consensus statement. World J Emerg Surg. 2025;20(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s13017-025-00618-2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40457450/.
  • Forman S, Park S, Hom B, et al. Utility of transversus abdominis plane block in trauma and emergency general surgery laparotomy: A quality improvement project. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2026;100(3):421-428. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004828 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41701565/.
  • George MJ, Adams SD, McNutt MK, et al. The effect of damage control laparotomy on major abdominal complications: A matched analysis. Am J Surg. 2018;216(1):56-59. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.10.044 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29157889/.
  • Holcomb JB. Transport time and preoperating room hemostatic interventions are important: Improving outcomes after severe truncal injury. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(3):447-453. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002915 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29474326/.
  • Khurshid MH, Castillo-Diaz F, Hejazi O, et al. After 4,000 damage-control surgeries: Are we doing more damage? Surgery. 2025;187:109601. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2025.109601 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40829413/.
  • Kim M, Cho H. Damage control strategy in bleeding trauma patients. Acute Crit Care. 2020;35(4):237-241. doi: 10.4266/acc.2020.00941 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33423438/.
  • Klimek O, Dudek J, Czesyk A, et al. The importance of the “damage control” strategy in multiple organ injuries, pathophysiology, and principles of hemorrhage control. J Clin Med. 2026;15(7) doi: 10.3390/jcm15072549 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41976850/.
  • Koike D, Kato H, Kajino Y, et al. Failure-to-Rescue From Intraoperative Massive Hemorrhage and Preventable Deaths: A Retrospective Observational Study From Nationwide Incident Reporting System. J Surg Res. 2026;325:486-495. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2026.05.071 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42349360/.
  • LaGrone LN, Stein D, Cribari C, et al. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma/American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma: Clinical protocol for damage-control resuscitation for the adult trauma patient. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024;96(3):510-520. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004088 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37697470/.
  • Lee H, Dilday J, Johnson A, et al. Real-time attending trauma surgeon assessment of direct-to-operating room trauma resuscitations: Results from a prospective observational study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;98(2):302-308. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004447 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39269308/.
  • Mahoney EJ, Bugaev N, Appelbaum R, et al. Management of the open abdomen: A systematic review with meta-analysis and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022;93(3):e110-e118. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003683 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35546420/.
  • Matsushima K, Inaba K. Selective nonoperative management of abdominal gunshot wounds: What you need to know. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;98(5):675-680. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004535 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39654102/.
  • Moore HB, Moore EE, Chapman MP, et al. Plasma-first resuscitation to treat haemorrhagic shock during emergency ground transportation in an urban area: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10144):283-291. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31553-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30032977/.
  • Nasef H, Brown A, Prashar S, et al. An evaluation of emergency exploratory laparotomy timing & outcomes in adult patients with severe penetrating abdominal trauma in hemorrhagic shock. Am J Emerg Med. 2026;103:132-137. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2026.02.007 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41687156/.
  • Needham-Bennett CA, Ahmed Z, Lee JJ, et al. Incidence of and factors associated with damage control laparotomy in adult patients undergoing emergency laparotomy following abdominal trauma: A retrospective cohort study from a UK Major trauma centre. Trauma. 2026;28(1):6-13. doi: 10.1177/14604086251396430 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14604086251396430.
  • Roberts DJ, Bobrovitz N, Zygun DA, et al. Evidence for use of damage control surgery and damage control interventions in civilian trauma patients: a systematic review. World J Emerg Surg. 2021;16(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13017-021-00352-5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33706763/.
  • Roberts DJ, Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, et al. The open abdomen in trauma, acute care, and vascular and endovascular surgery: comprehensive, expert, narrative review. BJS Open. 2023;7(5) doi: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrad084 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37882630/.
  • Semanco M, Montero J, Russell N, et al. Clinical predictors of unplanned reoperations in trauma patients with damage control surgeries for truncal injuries. Trauma. 2025;0(0):14604086251318429. doi: 10.1177/14604086251318429 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14604086251318429.
  • Tanikawa A, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi K, et al. Clinical value of peritoneal signs and computed tomography in hemodynamically stable patients with abdominal gunshot wounds. Am J Emerg Med. 2026;103:88-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2026.02.002 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41671668/.
  • Turner J, Wilson A. Backed into a corner: damage control surgery in the rural or austere setting. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2024;9(Suppl 2):e001391. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2024-001391 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38646025/.
  • Damage control resuscitation (CPG ID:18) JOINT TRAUMA SYSTEM (2019). https://jts.health.mil/assets/docs/cpgs/Damage_Control_Resuscitation_12_Jul_2019_ID18.pdf.
  • Wiseman S, Harvey EM, Bower KL. Direct peritoneal resuscitation: A novel adjunct to damage control laparotomy. Crit Care Nurse. 2019;39(6):37-45. doi: 10.4037/ccn2019397 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31961935/.