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Module 3: The Body's Response to Injury

Segment 5: Hemoglobin Availability

References labeled PEDS contain a pediatric element or primary focus.

Topic: Hemoglobin availability

  • Athale J, Suffredini AF. Pulse oximetry: A necessary imperfect tool in critical care. Crit Care Med. 2023;51(9):1246-1248. doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005891 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37039519/.
  • Chan ED, Chan MM, Chan MM. Pulse oximetry: Understanding its basic principles facilitates appreciation of its limitations. Respir Med. 2013;107(6):789-99. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.02.004 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23490227/.
  • Dzik WS, Healy B, Roth M, et al. Beyond hemoglobin thresholds: A retrospective cohort analysis of RBC transfusion decisions in ICU patients. Crit Care Med. 2025;doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000006666 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40152792/.
  • Gopalakrishnan M, Chen J, Goyal R, et al. Predictors of anemia intolerance for real-time transfusion decision-making during resuscitation of trauma subjects: A machine learning approach using heart rate variability. Crit Care Explor. 2025;7(10):e1319. doi: 10.1097/cce.0000000000001319 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40981479/.
  • Gudelunas MK, Lipnick M, Hendrickson C, et al. Low perfusion and missed diagnosis of hypoxemia by pulse oximetry in darkly pigmented skin: A prospective study. Anesth Analg. 2024;138(3):552-561. doi: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006755 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38109495/.
  • Jubran A. Pulse oximetry. Crit Care. 2015;19:272. doi: 10.1186/s13054-015-0984-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26179876/.
  • Katirai A, Landau MJ, Berger JM. The utility of abnormal initial arterial blood gas values in determining clinical futility of trauma cases with severe hemorrhage. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(7):1253-1256. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.03.063 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29606404/.
  • Mari A, Nougue H, Mateo J, et al. Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring in critically ill patients: update and perspectives. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(Suppl 11):S1558-s1567. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2019.04.64 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31388461/.
  • Raval JS, Griggs JR, Fleg A. Blood product transfusion in adults: Indications, adverse reactions, and modifications. Am Fam Physician. 2020;102(1):30-38. doi:  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32603068/.
  • Taccone FS, Rynkowski Bittencourt C, Møller K, et al. Restrictive vs liberal transfusion strategy in patients with acute brain injury: The TRAIN randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2024;doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.20424 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39382241/.
  • Tymen R, Dos Santos EC, Taccone FS, et al. Physiological determinants and the red blood cells transfusion decision-making process in non-bleeding critically ill patients: a comprehensive narrative review. Intensive Care Med. 2026;52(2):309-323. doi: 10.1007/s00134-026-08304-w https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41586889/.
  • Wang Q, Yang J, Sun M, et al. Advanced oxygen therapeutics for treatments of acute hemorrhagic shock and organ preservation. Smart Mater Med. 2025;doi: 10.1016/j.smaim.2025.04.001 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590183425000158.