Module 2: The Biomechanics of Trauma
Segment 8: Fixed Points
References labeled PEDS contain a pediatric element or primary focus.
Topic: Fixed points tear
- Bartzak PJ. Identification of delayed traumatic diaphragmatic injury: A concise review. J Trauma Nurs. 2022;29(1):47-50. doi: 10.1097/jtn.0000000000000626 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35007251/.
- Claassen L, Franssen MA, de Loos ER. A rare case of hemorrhagic shock: Morel-Lavallée lesion. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med. 2019;3(4):417-420. doi: 10.5811/cpcem.2019.9.43674 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31763603/.
- Huang SK, Wong MS, Ting YL, et al. A closed degloving injury: Morel-Lavallée lesion. J Emerg Nurs. 2023;49(6):845-848. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2023.07.004 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37925225/.
- Pothiawala S, Miranda R, Tsai Y-JJ, et al. Morel-Lavallée lesion: An uncommon internal degloving injury in trauma patients. Trauma. 2023;25(4):282-291. doi: 10.1177/14604086231166174 https://doi.org/10.1177/14604086231166174.
- Riemer K, Haukenes O, Kozak A. Morel-Lavallee lesion. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2019;139(1) doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0351 Morel-Lavallees lesjon. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30644680/.
- Sarani N, Ahluwalia A, Buchanan A, et al. Morel-Lavallée lesion: What you need to know. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2026;100(4):525-531. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004789 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40905976/.
- Singh R, Rymer B, Youssef B, et al. The Morel-Lavallee lesion and its management: A review of the literature. J Orthop. 2018;15(4):917-921. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2018.08.032 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30190632/.
- Smith MB, Grigorian A, Santorelli JE, et al. Early vs Late Surgical Intervention for Morel-Lavallée Injuries: A Pacific Coast Surgical Association Prospective Multicenter Study. J Am Coll Surg. 2026;243(3):651-659. doi: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000001918 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42599047/.
- Surgeons ACo. Best Practices Guideline: Management of Genitourinary Injuries. 2025. https://www.facs.org/media/ya5hcu0s/genitourinary_guidelines.pdf.
- Vagholkar K. Morel-Lavallée lesion: Uncommon injury often missed. J Orthop Case Rep. 2022;12(10):57-60. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2022.v12.i10.3366 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36874882/.
- Yang Y, Tang TT. The Morel-Lavallée lesion: Review and update on diagnosis and management. Orthop Surg. 2023;15(10):2485-2491. doi: 10.1111/os.13826 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37526135/.
- Zhou F, Zhang X, Zhang Y, et al. Comprehensive management of degloving soft tissue injuries of the extremity: A 12-year retrospective study. Injury. 2024;55(12):111939. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111939 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39378798/.