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Module 3: The Body's Response to Injury

Segment 6:Cardiac Output



  • Circulatory assessment: Capillary refill, pulses, vital signs, urine output, and skin signs
  • Monitoring central venous pressure
  • The patient with a central, PICC, mid-line, or arterial line (dressings, tubing changes, flushing, etc.)
  • Pressure line setup and management (positioning, calibration, zeroing, troubleshooting)
  • Pulmonary artery catheters
  • Interpreting hemodynamic data (normal parameters, abnormal values, and waveforms)
  • Using non- or minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring devices
  • Discontinuing invasive lines (central, femoral, PICC, arterial, PA, etc.)
  • Passive leg lift maneuver for volume assessment
  • IVC FAST for volume assessment