Module
6: Musculoskeletal Injuries
Segment 7: Muscle Compartment Syndrome
References labeled PEDS contain a pediatric element or primary focus.
Topic: Muscle compartment syndrome
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Board of Directors. Management of acute compartment syndrome: Evidence-based clinical practice guideline. 2018:134. https://www.aaos.org/globalassets/quality-and-practice-resources/dod/acs-cpg-final_approval-version-10-11-19.pdf.
- Austin K, Trevino M, Harn B, et al. Ultrasound in acute compartment syndrome of the extremities. Injury. 2026;57(3):113059. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113059 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41643359/.
- Bouklouch Y, Miclau T, Harvey E. Diagnosis of acute compartment syndrome: Current diagnostic parameters. Injury. 2025;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112773 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41173558/.
- Christodoulides N, Sheahan CR, Bell AL, et al. Acute forearm compartment syndrome presenting 2 weeks after penetrating arterial trauma. Br J Surg. 2023;doi: 10.1093/bjs/znad140 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37253029/.
- Duckworth AD, Williamson TR, Harper S, et al. Early cost-effectiveness analysis of continuous compartment pressure monitoring modelled in patients with a fracture of the tibial diaphysis. Injury. 2026;57(6):113166. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113166 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41932163/.
- Levine AR, McLaughlin W, Leslie M. The stiff leg sign in acute thigh & gluteal compartment syndrome: A case report. Trauma. 2025;0(0):14604086251369262. doi: 10.1177/14604086251369262 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/14604086251369262.
- Mortensen SJ, Vora MM, Mohamadi A, et al. Diagnostic modalities for acute compartment syndrome of the extremities: A systematic review. JAMA Surg. 2019;154(7):655-665. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.1050 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31042278/.
- Ruppert NF, Sanghvi PA, Good LM, et al. Epidemiological characteristics and temporal trends of adult acute compartment syndrome From 2015 to 2025. Injury. 2026;57(10) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113614 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2026.113614.
- Walls MH. Compartment syndrome: An orthopedic emergency. J Emerg Nurs. 2017;43(4):303-307. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2016.11.004 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28173963/.
Topic: Compartment syndrome interventions
- Merchan N, Ingalls B, Garcia J, et al. Factors associated with surgical site infections after fasciotomy in patients with compartment syndrome. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2022;6(2) doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-22-00002 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35188898/.
- Street T. Ankle-brachial index for the assessment of peripheral arterial disease in the emergency department. Adv Emerg Nurs J. 2022;44(1):34-40. doi: 10.1097/TME.0000000000000385. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35089279/.
Topic: Traumatic wound care
- Ahmad J, Hindawi MD, Hamdy AM, et al. Closed incision negative pressure wound therapy after emergency laparotomy: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Emerg Surg. 2026;21(1) doi: 10.1186/s13017-026-00679-x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41703609/.
- Alga A, Haweizy R, Bashaireh K, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy versus standard treatment in patients with acute conflict-related extremity wounds: a pragmatic, multisite, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(3):e423-e429. doi: 10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30547-9 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32087175/.
- Cheng Y, Wang K, Gong J, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy for managing the open abdomen in non-trauma patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;5(5):Cd013710. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013710.pub2 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35514120/.
- Fernandez R, Green HL, Griffiths R, et al. Water for wound cleansing. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;9(9):Cd003861. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003861.pub4 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36103365/.
- Forsch RT, Little SH, Williams C. Laceration repair: A practical approach. Am Fam Physician. 2017;95(10):628-636. doi: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28671402/.
- Mattox EA. Reducing risks associated with negative-pressure wound therapy: Strategies for clinical practice. Crit Care Nurse. 2017;37(5):67-77. doi: 10.4037/ccn2017308 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28966197/.
- McMahon M. What is a wound VAC? The Health Board; 2024. 27 June 2022. doi: Accessed 2022. https://www.thehealthboard.com/what-is-a-wound-vac.htm
- Norman G, Goh EL, Dumville JC, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy for surgical wounds healing by primary closure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;6(6):Cd009261. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009261.pub6 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32542647/.
- Nyffeler R, Morgenstern M, Osinga R, et al. Fracture-related infections of the lower extremity; Analysis of costs and their drivers. Injury. 2025;56(2) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.112138 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39742836/.
- Rancu AL, Darby FA, Averbukh LD, et al. Methods to manage edema and reduce flap compression in postoperative nursing care following trauma to the lower extremity. Orthop Nurs. 2024;43(6):325-329. doi: 10.1097/nor.0000000000001075 https://journals.lww.com/orthopaedicnursing/fulltext/2024/11000/methods_to_manage_edema_and_reduce_flap.5.aspx.
- Roumiani PH, Vahdati SS, Ala A. Comparison of head and facial skin wound healing complications with GLUBRAN; Tiss 2 skin adhesive vs. nonabsorbable nylon suture. Injury. 2024;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.112042 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39612867/.
- Seidel D, Diedrich S, Herrle F, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy vs conventional wound treatment in subcutaneous abdominal wound healing impairment: The SAWHI randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2020;doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.0414 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32293657/.