B-TCAR US: Bibliography Mod 01, Seg 03

Module 1: The Trauma Care Spectrum

Segment 3: Trauma Systems & Trauma Centers

References labeled PEDS contain a pediatric element or primary focus.

Topic: Trauma systems/networks

American College of Surgeons. Putting the pieces together: A national effort to complete the U.S. trauma system. article with links. Webpage:2. 11/20/2023. https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/systems/trauma-series/.
Anghele M, Moscu CA, Dragomir L, et al. Management of polytraumatized patients: Challenges and insights into air transfer. Healthcare (Basel). 2025;13(17) doi: 10.3390/healthcare13172181 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40941534/.
Atkins EV. Rural driven, urban supported: Strengthening rural trauma care across the continuum. J Trauma Nurs. 2026;33(2):67-68. doi: 10.1097/jtn.0000000000000914 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41505648/.
Boland S, Lu L, Byrd T, et al. Evaluating the impact of social determinants of health on undertriage among trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2026;100(4):638-643. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004812 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41259007/.
Boland S, Lu L, Silver DS, et al. How many minutes matter: Association between time saved with air medical transport and survival in trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;98(6):890-898. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004567 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39998479/.
Chang YR, Wang HC, Wu C, et al. Protocolized trauma team activations improve trauma patient outcomes and decrease decision-making intervals. Am J Emerg Med. 2026;102:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2026.01.011 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41539182/.
Choi Y. Impact of on-scene time interval on survival in traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Injury. 2025:112821. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112821 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41145320/.
Clements TW, Van Gent JM, Kaminski C, et al. Are trauma centers penalized for improved prehospital resuscitation?: The effect of prehospital transfusion on arrival vitals and predicted mortality. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024;97(5):799-804. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004436 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39225798/.
Cole E. The national major trauma system within the United Kingdom: inclusive regionalized networks of care. Emerg Criti Care Med. 2022;2(2):76-79. doi: 10.1097/ec9.0000000000000040 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35436765/.
Cooper BH. Exploring the factors that influence trauma team activation in emergency department staff. Emerg Nurse. 2022;doi: 10.7748/en.2022.e2133 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35502574/.
Etra JW, Pfaff AC, Kaul S, et al. ED discharge after trauma transfer has increased over time: A single tertiary care center analysis. Injury. 2026;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113383 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42203617/.
Handley TJ, Kang A, Alawa J, et al. For-profit status and geographic distribution of trauma centers in the US. JAMA Surg. 2023;doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2751 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37494053/.
Harris M, Mosali T, Doyle F, et al. Analysing geospatial variables in the context of trauma networks: A scoping review. Injury. 2026;57(8) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113402 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42248061/.
Haslam NR, Bouamra O, Lawrence T, et al. Time to definitive care within major trauma networks in England. BJS Open. 2020;4(5):963-969. doi: 10.1002/bjs5.50316 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32644299/.
Heard MA, Bray S, Archer A, et al. Effects of trauma center consolidation on adult trauma at a rural Level I trauma center. Am Surg. 2024:31348241241703. doi: 10.1177/00031348241241703 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38551609/.
Hernandez N, Zagales R, Awan MU, et al. Factors contributing to disparities in trauma care between urban vs rural trauma centers: Towards improving trauma care access and quality of care delivery. Injury. 2024;55(12) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.112017 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39531788/.
Hobika G, Remer SL, Ullery C, et al. Impact of American College of Surgeons verification programs: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Surg. 2026;doi: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000001980 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42060322/.
Jarman MP, Curriero FC, Haut ER, et al. Associations of distance to trauma care, community income, and neighborhood median age with rates of injury mortality. JAMA Surg. 2018;153(6):535-543. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.6133 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29417146/.
May JS, McCafferty JA, Read DJ, et al. Defining futile and potentially avoidable interhospital trauma transfers. Injury. 2024;55(9):111629. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111629 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38806305/.
McLaughlin CJ, Song J, Kern JA, et al. Trauma Center Level and Mortality in Injured Patients with Shock or Multisystem Trauma. J Am Coll Surg. 2026;doi: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000002078 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42319113/.
Mlaver E, Atkins EV, Medeiros RS, et al. Impact of American College of surgeons trauma verification on statewide collaborative outcomes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004505 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39787027/.
Nasef H, Espat NN, Kumar S, et al. A national analysis of the economic impact associated with fatal injuries and trauma centers’ distribution. J Surg Res. 2025;315:407-416. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2025.09.032 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41076776/.
Patel VR, Rozycki G, Jopling J, et al. Association between geospatial access to trauma center care and motor vehicle crash mortality in the United States. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024;97(2):189-196. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004221 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38053239/.
Poulson MR, Benjamin A, Scantling DR. Firearm mortality and equitable access to trauma care in Chicago. JAMA Surg. 2026;doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2026.0001 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41739460/.
Roche S, Davis K, Wilbert H, et al. Effects of transport method and transport time on outcomes of trauma patients at an urban Level I trauma center. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2026;41(1):e5. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x26108905 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42117586/.
Tillmann BW, Guttman MP, Nathens AB, et al. The impact of trauma center care on one-year outcomes among injured older adults: A population-based cohort study. Ann Surg. 2026;doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000007068 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41986918/.
Waalwijk JF, van der Sluijs R, Lokerman RD, et al. The impact of prehospital time intervals on mortality in moderately and severely injured patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022;92(3):520-527. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003380 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34407005/.

Topic: Trauma center requirements

Acharya P, Garwe T, Vesely SK, et al. Quantifying the drivers of survival: A matched cohort study of trauma center-level differences. J Surg Res. 2025;315:688-698. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2025.09.071 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41130104/.
American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Resources for optimal care of the injured patient Level IV Trauma Center Standards. 2026. https://staging.facswebsites.com/media/4rlo0xcm/level-iv-trauma-center-2026-standards.pdf.
Glatts J, Weissenburger J, Mullen-Fortino M, et al. Patient extrication process for urban emergency departments. J Emerg Nurs. 2022;48(3):328-338. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2022.01.012 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35526878/.
Kaufman EJ, Prentice C, Williams D, et al. Geography of the underserved: The contribution of rural non-trauma hospitals to trauma care. Ann Surg. 2025;281(4):533-539. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000006540 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39291384/.
Kühne CA, Weise A, Könsgen N, et al. Criteria for trauma team activation and staffing requirements for the management of patients with (suspected) multiple and/or severe injuries in the resuscitation room- a systematic review and clinical practice guideline update. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2025;51(1):142. doi: 10.1007/s00068-025-02817-7 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40102273/.
Lizak A, Allsbrook A, Wilde-Onia R, et al. Closer to home: Managing more than three rib fractures at level IV trauma centers. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;98(6):875-879. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004575 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39998463/.
Melhado C, Hancock C, Wang H, et al. Pediatric readiness and trauma center access for children. JAMA Pediatr. 2025;doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.6058 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39899287/.
Society of Trauma Nurses Board of Directors. Society of Trauma Nurses (STN) position statement on qualifications and competencies for the trauma program manager. J Trauma Nurs. 2023;30(5):251-254. doi: 10.1097/jtn.0000000000000738 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37702725/.
Stone EL. Is Your Trauma Center Peds Ready? J Emerg Nurs. 2022;48(1):2-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2021.11.001 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34996573/.

Topic: The trauma care continuum

Coats T, Lecky F. Lights out at TARN after 33 years: A better future as NMTR? Injury. 2024;55(9):111750. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111750 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38448977/.
Committee CTRDS. Canadian trauma data standards. 2025. https://www.traumacanada.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/TAC-Canadian-Trauma-Data-Standards-Report-and-Recommendations-June-2025.pdf.
Conner CR, Ray HM, McCormack RM, et al. Association of rideshare use with alcohol-associated motor vehicle crash trauma. JAMA Surg. 2021;156(8):731-738. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.2227 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34106241/.
Dale K, Winkleman C, Hughes I, et al. Health related outcomes of patients with serious traumatic injury: results of a longitudinal follow-up program delivered by trauma clinicians. Injury. 2024;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.112012 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39531787/.
Evans CCD, Li W, Balari P, et al. Emergency department return visits and hospital admissions in trauma team assessed patients initially discharged from the emergency department: A population-based cohort study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022;93(4):513-520. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003583 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35261374/.
Fakhry SM, Shen Y, Orlando A. Measuring what matters: Redefining undertriage using trauma team actions. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2026;doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004926 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41589699/.
Gosnell J, Slivinski A. The building blocks to a highly effective trauma program. J Trauma Nurs. 2021;28(2):126-134. doi: 10.1097/jtn.0000000000000570 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35261374/.
Grossman MD YJ, Szydiak L. Effect of American College of Surgeons trauma center designation on outcomes: Measurable benefit at the extremes of age and injury. J Am Coll Surg. 2017;225(2):194-199. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.04.034 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28599966/.
Lapierre A, Bérubé M, Giroux M, et al. Interprofessional interventions that impact collaboration and quality of care across inpatient trauma care continuum: A scoping review. Injury. 2024;55(11) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111873 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39303368/.
Lendrum EC, Hayes H, Kotagal M, et al. Status of State Trauma Registries 2025: Have we made progress? Injury. 2025;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112678 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40825754/.
Lendrum EC, Hayes H, Kotagal M, et al. Status of state trauma registries 2025: Have we made progress? Injury. 2026;57(1):112678. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112678 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40825754/.
Makutonin M, Sapre AV, Hartka TR, et al. Derivation and validation of a clinical prediction score for ICU utilization at trauma intake. Am J Emerg Med. 2026;102:166-169. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2026.01.047 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41619395/.
Mou Z, Oviedo P, Perkins L, et al. Implementation of an electronic health record-based tool increases administration of venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis in trauma. Surgery. 2026;190:109857. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2025.109857 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41253072/.
Ordoobadi AJ, Greenberg KK, Campbell G, et al. State-level variability in discharge to inpatient rehabilitation after severe traumatic injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2026;100(5):722-729. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004901 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41533011/.
Surgeons ACo. NTDS Data Dictionary. 2026. https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/trauma/quality/national-trauma-data-bank/national-trauma-data-standard/data-dictionary/.
Van Ditshuizen JC, Rojer LA, Van Lieshout EMM, et al. Evaluating associations between level of trauma care and outcomes of patients with specific severe injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023;94(6):877-892. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003890 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35261374/.

Topic: Injury prevention

Archuleta M, McGraw C, D’Huyvetter C, et al. An educational outreach program: A trauma system’s 5-year experience. J Trauma Nurs. 2022;29(3):152-157. doi: 10.1097/jtn.0000000000000653 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35536344/.
Bornstein SS. Confronting America’s firearm injury epidemic: Using your voice to protect your patients. Ann Intern Med. 2026;179(1):129-130. doi: 10.7326/annals-25-03900 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41325607/.
Cooper Z, Herrera-Escobar JP, Phuong J, et al. Developing a National Trauma Research Action Plan (NTRAP): Results from the Injury Prevention Research Gap Delphi Survey. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022;doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003665 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35545804/.
Esposti MD, Sokol RL, Wiebe DJ. Firearms are not motor vehicles. Ann Intern Med. 2024;0(0) doi: 10.7326/annals-24-02305 %m 39586099 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39586099/.
Fierro NM, Dhillon NK, Park G, et al. The futility of closed chest compressions after trauma: A multi-institutional study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023;95(4):577-582. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004070 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37316985/.
Kapa HM, Liu Z, Berardi J, et al. Linking hospital-based violence intervention program implementation with patient-reported outcomes. Injury. 2026;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113392 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42217455/.
Marwaha JS, Lunardi N, Sakran JV. Real-world data—a key barrier to building out the science of firearm safety. JAMA Surg. 2022;157(5):369-370. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.0080 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35262632/.
Nutbeam T, Stassen W. The road injury chain of survival: A framework for improving trauma outcomes. Injury. 2026;57(2):112285. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112285 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40148146/.
O’Toole MJ, Schnippel K, Larson B. Hospital-based violence intervention programs: An analysis of costs and key components. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;98(4):655-661. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004498 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40122847/.
Okum SE, Mehta A, Lunardi N, et al. Could we have stopped the bleed? An examination of 5,765 homicide autopsies across 13 years. J Am Coll Surg. 2026;242(3):562-571. doi: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000001695 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41701567/.
Ratnasekera AM, Seng SS, Gardiner SK, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy of helmet use and helmet laws to reduce mortality and cervical spine injury in adult motorcycle riders: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025;99(4):650-663. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004607 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40462278/.
Rice WM, Ebangwese S, Tripoli T, et al. Unbuckled and unprotected: The deadly cost of no seatbelt law in New Hampshire. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2026;doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004988 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41941382/.
Severance AC, Karimi M, Seidfaraji L, et al. Understanding the community experience of firearm violence in the Deep South: A needs assessment. J Am Coll Surg. 2026;242(2):445-454. doi: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000001650 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41051102/.

Topic: Non-US trauma systems

Beaumont-Boileau R, Nadeau A, Tardif P-A, et al. Performance of a provincial prehospital trauma triage protocol: A retrospective audit. Trauma. 2023;26(2):167-173. doi: 10.1177/14604086231156263 https://doi.org/10.1177/14604086231156263.
Carenzo L, Mercalli C, Reitano E, et al. State of the art of trauma teams in Italy: A nationwide study. Injury. 2024;55(5) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111388 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38316572/.
Chao TE, Chu K, Hardcastle TC, et al. Trauma care and its financing around the world. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2024;97(5):e60-e64. doi: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004448 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39330943/.
Dixon JR, Lecky F, Bouamra O, et al. Age and the distribution of major injury across a national trauma system. Age Ageing. 2020;49(2):218-226. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afz151 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31763677/.
Doran J, Salih M, Bell A, et al. Major trauma patients and their outcomes 2013: A retrospective observational study of critical care trauma admissions to a trauma unit with special services. Injury. 2024;55(7) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111622 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38905903/.
Dubois S, Gravelle P, Savage DW, et al. Emergency medical services response times to motor vehicle crashes increased in the USA over the period 1987 to 2020. Injury. 2026;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113300 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42069492/.
Eriksson J, Mattsson A, Larsson E, et al. Early operative management in trauma: A nationwide comparison of time to surgery and survival at trauma centers and non-trauma centers. Injury. 2026;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113350 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42120216/.
Hagebusch P, Lefering R, Koch DA, et al. Evaluation of trauma team activation criteria in Germany. A retrospective analysis of 94.000 cases from the TraumaRegister DGU®. Injury. 2026;57(2):113010. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.113010 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41494480/.
Harvey A, Kellman D, Branas CC. In-patient outcomes after trauma in a rapidly developing nation. Injury. 2026:113076. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113076 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41644341/.
Jarman H, Crouch R, Strawbridge N, et al. Major trauma coordinators in the UK: A survey of demographics and role functions. Int Emerg Nurs. 2025;80:101598. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2025.101598 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40073830/.
Kunju SA, Rahman AA, Mohammed CA, et al. Interprofessional collaboration in trauma care in South Asia: A scoping review of barriers, interventions, and implications for patient and system outcomes. Injury. 2026;57(8):113439. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113439 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42320432/.
McHale P, Hungerford D, Taylor-Robinson D, et al. Socioeconomic status and 30-day mortality after minor and major trauma: A retrospective analysis of the Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) dataset for England. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):e0210226. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210226 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30596799/.
Metcalfe D, Perry DC, Bouamra O, et al. Regionalisation of trauma care in England. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-b(9):1253-61. doi: 10.1302/0301-620x.98b9.37525 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27587529/.
Miclau T, Balogh ZJ, Miclau KR, et al. Trauma systems: a global comparison. OTA Int. 2025;8(3 Suppl):e376. doi: 10.1097/oi9.0000000000000376 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40321463/.
Mock C, Joshipura M. Innovative solutions towards improving care of the injured globally. Injury. 2025;56(8) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112584 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40627998/.
Moore L, Evans D, Hameed SM, et al. Mortality in Canadian trauma systems: A multicenter cohort study. Ann Surg. 2017;265(1):212-217. doi: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001614 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28009748/.
Moran CG, Lecky F, Bouamra O, et al. Changing the system—Major trauma patients and their outcomes in the NHS (England), 2008–17. EClinicalMedicine. 2018;2-3:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.07.001 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31193723/.
Mwandri M, Stewart B, Hardcastle TC, et al. Organised trauma systems and designated trauma centres for improving outcomes in injured patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(1) doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012500 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40747779/.
Peter G. Delaney, Simonay De Vos, Zachary J. Eisner , et al. Challenges, opportunities, and priorities for Tier-1 emergency medical services (EMS) development in low- and middle-income countries: A modified Delphi-based consensus study among the Global Prehospital Consortium. Injury. 2024;doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111522 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38599953/.
Price R, Makasa E, Hollands M. World Health Assembly Resolution WHA68.15: “Strengthening Emergency and Essential Surgical Care and Anesthesia as a Component of Universal Health Coverage”-Addressing the Public Health Gaps Arising from Lack of Safe, Affordable and Accessible Surgical and Anesthetic Services. World J Surg. 2015;39(9):2115-25. doi: 10.1007/s00268-015-3153-y https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26239773/.
Smith C, McHenry R, Norman S, et al. Regional retrospective observational analysis of the impact of enhanced care teams on trauma morbidity and mortality outcomes. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025;33(1):175. doi: 10.1186/s13049-025-01481-5 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41137151/.
Tallach R, Hannen M, Hooper T, et al. A decade of trauma care in the North of Scotland: Impact of an inclusive network. Injury. 2026;57(2):113012. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.113012 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41483687/.
Valcarcel CR, Bieler D, Bass GA, et al. ESTES recommendations for the treatment of polytrauma-a European consensus based on the German S3 guidelines for the treatment of patients with severe/multiple injuries. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2025;51(1):171. doi: 10.1007/s00068-025-02852-4 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40214785/.
Verdonck P, Peters M, Stroobants T, et al. Effects of major trauma care organisation on mortality in a European level 1 trauma centre: A retrospective analysis of 2016-2023. Injury. 2024;55(12) doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.112022 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39549420/.
Zhou J, Wang T, Belenkiy I, et al. Management of severe trauma worldwide: implementation of trauma systems in emerging countries: China, Russia and South Africa. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):286. doi: 10.1186/s13054-021-03681-8 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34372903/.